"Egypt mixes politics and religion"

"Egypt mixes politics and religion"

by Magdi Abdelhadi ("BBC News," November 3, 2005)

Cairo, Egypt - With only one week to go before Egyptians begin electing a
new parliament a row has broken out about mixing politics and religion.

At issue is a slogan used by the outlawed Muslim Brotherhood, which says
"Islam is the solution" (al-Islam Houwa al-Hall).

The ruling National Democratic Party, as well as secularist politicians,
want to ban the use of the slogan, but the powerful group is adamant it
will not give up its identity to please its opponents.

The Muslim Brotherhood says its programme is in line with the Egyptian
constitution, which recognises Islam as the state religion and Islamic
Sharia law as one of the main sources for legislation.

The group has for decades campaigned using this slogan.

Polarisation

But their opponents say it is a sensationalist phrase which can foment
sectarian strife in a country with a sizeable Christian minority.

Only last month, the port city of Alexandria saw some of the worst
sectarian disturbances the country has ever seen.

The problem of mixing politics and religion goes far beyond the concerns
of this parliamentary election.

It strikes at the heart of the polarisation that Egypt has seen over the
past few decades, with the rise of militant Islam and the outlawed Muslim
Brotherhood emerging as the most powerful opposition group in the country.

Some even talk of the re-Islamisation of Egypt, where Islamic faith is
increasingly invoked as the exclusive norm for social as well as
political and cultural behaviour.

Religious messages

Yet, the Muslim Brotherhood is not the only group "guilty" of mixing
politics and religion.

Despite presenting itself as a secular party, the National Democratic
Party itself has often been accused of pandering to religious sentiments
to consolidate its hold on power.

State broadcasters, which are controlled by the NDP, have over the years
devoted an increasing number of hours to religious programming. These
programmes may ostensibly be aimed at counterbalancing the more radical
message of the Islamists, but in effect they serve to entrench the
dominant religious frame of mind in Egypt, critics say.

Clearly, separating religion from politics will require a lot more than
banning the Muslim Brothers from using their slogan.

Defiant

Despite being outlawed, the Muslim Brotherhood remains the largest
opposition block in the current parliament.

The group is clearly determined to increase its share of parliamentary
seats in what will probably turn out to be the most hotly contested
election in the history of Egypt.

A new constitutional amendment means that only parties that control 10% of
the lower and upper houses of parliament can field candidates in future
presidential elections.

No opposition party yet meets that requirement.

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